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Emilio Castelar y Ripoll
Emilio Castelar y Ripoll (7 September 1832 – 25 May 1899) was a Spanish republican politician, and a president of the First Spanish Republic.
Castelar was born in Cádiz. He was an eloquent and literary man. He was appointed dictator of Spain in 1873, but not being equal to the exigency in the affairs of the state, he resigned, and made way for the return of monarchy, though under protest. He wrote a history of the ''Republican Movement in Europe'' among other works of political interest.
==Early life==
At the age of seven he lost his father, who had taken an active part in the progressist agitations during the reign of Ferdinand VII, and had passed several years as an exile in England. He attended a grammar-school at Sax. In 1848 he began to study law in Madrid, but soon elected to compete for admittance at the school of philosophy and letters, where he took the degree of doctor in 1853. He was an obscure republican student when the Spanish revolutionary movement of 1854 took place, and the young liberals and democrats of that epoch decided to hold a meeting in the largest theatre of the capital. On that occasion Castelar delivered his maiden speech, which at once placed him in the van of the advanced politicians of the reign of Queen Isabella.
A well-known painting by Vincenzo Petrocelli is dedicated to the posthumous performance of this event: ''"The sale of S.Daniele by the Queen Isaba ella II of Spain"'' (68 x 104 cm), oil on canvas, 1865.
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